Кой излиза с Marie Anne de Coislin?

Marie Anne de Coislin (1732-1817), was a French aristocrat, known as the mistress to Louis XV of France in 1755. She was the king's Petite maîtresse (unofficial mistress), not his Maîtresse-en-titre (official mistress).

She was the daughter of the marquis Louis de Mailly (1696-1767) and the lady-in-waiting Anne Françoise Elisabeth Arbaleste de Melun and married in 1750 to the duke Charles Georges René du Cambout de Coislin (d. 1771), but they separated early on and she moved back with her parents.

In 1755, Louis François, Prince of Conti launched her as his candidate to replace Madame de Pompadour as official mistress of the king. She was the first serious candidate to be put up against Madame de Pompadour since Charlotte Rosalie de Choiseul-Beaupré, and she was also to be the last. She did succeed to be the secret lover of the king, which attracted some attention at court. She became known as l'altière Vasthi. Ultimately, however, the plot failed, and she was ousted from court by Madame de Pompadour. After this, there was no more serious rival to replace Madame de Pompadour, and the king mainly settled with his unofficial lovers at the Parc-aux-Cerfs.

Marie Anne de Coislin had affairs with the Prince de Conti and the count de Coigny, and was claimed to have had affairs with Christian VI of Denmark, Gustav III of Sweden and Peter III of Russia. It is unknown if these rumours where true, but Christian VI and Gustav III did visit her during their visits to Paris, which attracted attention at the time.

She did not leave France during the French Revolution, but lived as a servant in Rouen, Brittany and Vendée during the Reign of Terror. After the fall of Robespierre, she resumed her former life and property. She remarried in 1793 to Louis-Marie duc de Mailly (d. 1795).

Луи ХV (на френски: Louis XV) е крал на Франция и Навара от 1715 до 1774 г. Известен е със своето неадекватно и некомпетентно управление, което сериозно намалява силата и престижа на френската монархия – както вътрешен, така и международен. В страната той не успява да разреши основните проблеми, които разделят френското общество: враждата между йезуити и янсенисти, господстващото положение на привилегированите класи; короната не съумява да ги накара да плащат справедлив дял от данъците. Институциите на стария режим остават твърде бюрократични и неспособни да отговорят на променящото се общество, което се развива бързо в идейно, културно и икономическо отношение. Нерешен и дори задълбочен остава конфликтът между краля и провинциалните парламенти, които защитават привилегиите.

На полето на международната политика Франция се развива възходящо през първата половина от управлението на Луи ХV. Разтърсената през Войната за испанското наследство могъща монархия бавно се съвзема по време на регентството и управлението на кардинал Фльори, като се съюзява с Великобритания и Обединените провинции срещу Испания. Франция участва успешно във Войната на четворния съюз и Войната за полското наследство. Дори когато променя курса и привлича Испания на своя страна (във Войната за австрийското наследство), успехите продължават. От 1744 до 1748 г. френските войски покоряват цяла Австрийска Нидерландия, което не са постигали дори при Краля Слънце. Когато Луи ХV неочаквано връща всичко завладяно, настъпва първото голямо разочарование от него.

Като единствен оцелял представител на Бурбоните през 1715 г., той се ползва с огромната обич на своя народ (наричан е Многообичан, Le Bien-Aimé). Това, че оживява и остава така дълго на престола, в началото се счита за голям късмет, както и фактът, че осигурява наследници. Престижът му се срива истински едва след пагубната Седемгодишна война, когато Франция губи Канада и постове в Индия за сметка на Великобритания. Армията търпи унизителни поражения. Влиянието на кралските фаворитки като мадам Помпадур и графиня дю Бари още повече отблъскват народа от него. Може да се каже, че именно неговото управление предпоставя бъдещата Френска революция.

Gustav III (24 January [O.S. 13 January] 1746 – 29 March 1792), also called Gustavus III, was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792. He was the eldest son of King Adolf Frederick and Queen Louisa Ulrika of Sweden.

Gustav was a vocal opponent of what he saw as the abuse of political privileges seized by the nobility since the death of King Charles XII in the Great Northern War. Seizing power from the government in a coup d'état, called the Swedish Revolution, in 1772 that ended the Age of Liberty, he initiated a campaign to restore a measure of royal autocracy. This was completed by the Union and Security Act of 1789, which swept away most of the powers exercised by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates during the Age of Liberty, but at the same time, it opened up the government for all citizens, thereby breaking the privileges of the nobility.

A believer in enlightened absolutism, Gustav spent considerable public funds on cultural ventures, which were controversial among his critics, as well as military attempts to seize Norway with Russian aid, then a series of attempts to re-capture the Swedish Baltic dominions lost during the Great Northern War through the failed war with Russia. Nonetheless, his successful leadership in the Battle of Svensksund averted a complete military defeat and signified that Swedish military might was to be countenanced after its major defeats earlier in the century.

An admirer of Voltaire, Gustav legalised Catholic and Jewish presence in Sweden, and enacted wide-ranging reforms aimed at economic liberalism, social reform and the restriction, in many cases, of torture and capital punishment. The much-praised Freedom of the Press Act of 1766 was severely curtailed, however, by amendments in 1774 and 1792, effectively extinguishing independent media. Following the uprising against the French monarchy in 1789, Gustav pursued an alliance of princes aimed at crushing the insurrection and re-instating his French counterpart, King Louis XVI, offering Swedish military assistance as well as his leadership.

In 1792, he was mortally wounded by a gunshot in the lower back during a masquerade ball as part of an aristocratic-parliamentary coup attempt, but managed to assume command and quell the uprising before succumbing to sepsis 13 days later, a period during which he received apologies from many of his political enemies. Gustav's immense powers were placed in the hands of a regency under his brother Prince Carl and Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm until his son and successor Gustav IV Adolf reached adulthood in 1796. The Gustavian autocracy thus survived until 1809, when his son was ousted in another coup d'état, which definitively established parliament as the dominant political power; this has lasted until the modern day, where the Riksdag is Sweden's supreme legislature.

A patron of the arts and benefactor of arts and literature, Gustav founded the Swedish Academy, created a national costume and had the Royal Swedish Opera and Royal Dramatic Theatre built. In 1772, he founded the Royal Order of Vasa to acknowledge and reward those Swedes who had contributed to advances in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. He was also a patron of many cultural figures, including Alexander Roslin and Carl Michael Bellman, and is often considered one of the most important figures in the history of Swedish art, music and architecture. Gustav III was well liked by the Swedish population and was mourned upon his death.

In 1777, Gustav III was the first formally neutral head of state in the world to recognise the United States during its war for independence from Great Britain. Swedish military forces were engaged by the thousands on the side of the colonists, largely through the French expedition force. Through the acquisition of Saint Barthélemy in 1784, Gustav enabled the restoration, if symbolic, of Swedish overseas colonies in America, as well as great personal profits from the transatlantic slave trade.

Peter III Fyodorovich (Russian: Пётр III Фёдорович, romanized: Pyotr III Fyodorovich; 21 February [O.S. 10 February] 1728 – 17 July [O.S. 6 July] 1762) was Emperor of Russia from 5 January 1762 until 9 July of the same year, when he was overthrown by his wife, Catherine II (the Great). He was born in the German city of Kiel as Charles Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (German: Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp), the grandson of Peter the Great and great-grandson of Charles XI of Sweden.

After a 186-day reign, Peter III was overthrown in a palace coup d'état orchestrated by his wife, and soon died under unclear circumstances. The official cause proposed by Catherine's new government was that he died due to hemorrhoids. This explanation was met with skepticism, both in Russia and abroad, with notable critics such as Voltaire and d'Alembert expressing doubt about the plausibility of death from such a condition.

The personality and activities of Peter III were long disregarded by historians and his figure was seen as purely negative, but since the 1990s, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, more attention has been directed at the decrees he signed. His most notable reforms were the abolition of the secret police, exemption of nobles from compulsory military service, confiscation of church lands, and equalisation of all religions. He also put an end to the persecution of the Old Believers and made the killing of serfs by landowners punishable by exile. Although he is mostly criticised for undoing Russian gains in the Seven Years' War by forming an alliance with Prussia, Catherine continued it and many of his other policies.

After Peter III's death, many impostors thrived, pretending to be him, the most famous of whom were Yemelyan Pugachev and the "Montenegerin Tsar Peter III" (Stephan the Little).